论文摘要通常是100-350字，是对论文核心思想的总结，也是读者对文章的第一印象~

1. 写作结构

DResearch background (2-3句) 从general到specific的背景。

@Research question (1句)

3 Methodology (1-2句)

4 Results/Findings (1-3句)

Implications研究成果对现有文献有何补充/不同 (1-2句) (这点不写也行)

6 Contribution本文对该领域的发展有何贡献 (1-2句)

2.注意事项

1)论文全文写完了以后，再写abstract

2)要精简，直击重点。过于细节的没必要展开讲，毕竟正文会写到。

3)不需要引用reference，除非很有必要4)Limitation没必要写进abstract

5)注意论文要求，对abstract的字数是否有要求。是跟正文字数算在一起的，还是分开算的。

6)别忘了加上keywords(keyword是1个单词，中间没有空格哦)

3.例子展示

[研究背景general] Globalisation has accelerated the economic growth ofdeveloping economies in Asia. In China, the steel industry has growntremendously as a result of international trade agreements.

[研究背景specific ] However, the rate of adoption of new technologies in theindustry remains low. Most factories continue using equipment andsystems which are out of date. This means they are less efficient andcompetitive than their international counterparts.

[研究问题] This studyinvestigates the challenges behind the adoption of new technologies inthe steel industry in China through a case study.

[研究结果summary]High cost, long disruption of operations, and lack of technological skills inthe workforce are found to be the main factors impacting technologicaadoption.

[研究结果 details] Through interviews with operators andmanagers at a steel mill in China, it is found that the staff lacks skills tooperate new digital technologies. Moreover, they do not have workflowsin place if one of their key components needs to be upgraded, whichwould bring operations to a halt for an extended period, costing millionsto the company.

[对现有文献的补充/不同] These findings agree with casestudies from steel mills in other Asian countries, which are found tooperate with out-of-date technology. However, this contrasts with thesituation in the US, where companies include technological upgrades intheir workflows and financial plans ahead of time.

[本文贡献] Thesefindings evidence the main pain points encountered by one of the largestplayers in the industry and can inform other companies in China. This alsoserves as a reference point and further investigations can compare thedifficulties found by the steel industry of other developing economies.