写论文第一步要写什么呀?当然是introduction!而很多同学一开始就被这部分难住了,迟迟下不了笔进度一拖再拖,真的是太难了!
Introduction的写作内容是有套路的:
1、Introduction部分要提供作者研究的背景知识、科学问题及该问题的重要性,引起读者的兴趣。
2、给该问题一个小的总结(综述)。
读者在阅读完intro之后,必须对你想要研究的问题有清晰的概念,并且知道你的文章是要论述什么。
3、总结前人研究。
这一步,需要陈述关于这个研究问题或者方面,前人做过什么样的研究工作。
4、论文的价值。
此处可以阐述你这篇文章对于补充前人研究的贡献之处。
5、论文的结构简述 。
这块内容每一篇论文都大同小异,但一定要避免用模版,即任何一篇论文都适用但毫无实际内容的套话。
英文论文中的introduction该怎么写?
Introduction 的内容
在写作之前,我们先要看看Introduction部分包含哪些内容,这样才能针对性的写作。
通常来说,Introduction占整篇论文的5-10%,包含以下三部分:
.研究背景
.作者的主要论点
.论文的主要内容
其实,对于这三个主要内容大家也不用记,只要你记住Introduction的写作逻辑,就能轻易的把所有内容涵盖。
论文的写作逻辑:概括一具体一概括,而Introduction作为论文的开头部分,其写作逻辑自然就是:概括一具体。
General
Define the general topic
Narrow the topic to the essay question topic/s thesis statement Specific State what you intend to do in the essay
即最开始先说明研究背景或者是问题的普遍观点;然后从大的背景范围缩小到具体研究的问题上面;最后阐述你的论文主要内容,其中含论点和结构。
Introduction的写作方法
上面已经说过论文的三个主要部分,下面我们就针对来说。
1.背景叙述部分
在背景叙述部分,我们可以采用三种方法提出一般性的主题:
v关于研究主题的历史背景叙述
历史背景既可以是长久以来形成的观点,也可以是某项技术应用实际的时间。
例 :The role of bacteria as anticancer agent was recognized almost hundred years back.
留学论文5 步写出高分intro开头
Step1
Problem in industry
论文在最开始的部分,可以先分析一下你研究的行业大环境里面的问题,引出因为什么样的行业问题,所以你来研究你现在的题目。
Step2 Connecting industry to theory
论文研究背景-这是需要添加参考文献并将您的问题与文献综述联系起来的地方。
在此部分论文添加5-10个关键参考文献。并且用这些参考文献来填满你所写的背景。
以此显示你对学术文献的研究很充分。
Step3
Research Question
写1个主要研究问题和2个sub-question。并对此研究问题的解释,并解释你的research question是否存在学术上的GAP,以及你打算如何对它进行分析建构它。(一定是填补学术上Gap的研究问题才是好问题,不要研究学术上已经有的问题.
Step4
Main research objectives
写清3-4个研究目标,但是这里注意不要超过4个
Step5
Contribution to practice & theory.
解释说明你的论文将如何帮助解决行业中的问题。并且要说清楚你的研究如何能够填补学术上的Gap。
经典intro词组
bridge the gap
It is commonly seen that
it needs to be noted that
ought to be focused through
puts emphasis on
claimed that
can be grouped into
normally arise from considered as opposite
20 组Introduction 模板
1.确定该主题对该学科的重要性
Establishing the importance of the topic for the discipline
A key aspect of X is ..
X is of interest because ...
X is a classic problem in ..
A primary concern of X is ...
X is a dominant feature of ..
x is a fundamental property of ..
Xs are the most widely-investigated.
Studies on X represent a growing field.
X is an increasingly important area in...
The concepts of X and Yare central to ...
X is at the heart of our understanding of ..
X is attracting considerable critical attention.
Central to the theory of X is the Y hypothesis.
X has been shown to occur in many different ..
Investigating X is a continuing concern within
X is a major area of interest within the field of ...
X has been studied by many researchers using ...
X has been the subject of many classic studies in ...
X has been instrumental in our understanding of ...
The theory of X provides a useful account of how ...
X has been an important concept in the study of the ...
Central to the entire discipline of X is the concept of ...
One of the most significant current discussions in X is ...
X has been the subject of much systematic investigation.
The issue of X has received considerable critical attention.
Understanding the complexity of X is vitally important if ..
X has long been a question of great interest in a wide range of fields.
The role of X in Y has received increased attention across a number of disciplines in recent years